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Crop Guide

How to grow watermelon

Fruit · Moderate water needs · Frost-sensitive

Primary source · Iowa State Extension
Watermelon
Brad FerradaWritten by Brad Ferrada, who built Garzed · planting data from university extensions
Moisture range
40–65%
Days to maturity
70–90
Light
Full sun
Growing Degree Units
1500 · base 60°F
When to plant watermelon in your zone
Indoor-start, transplant and harvest dates calibrated to your climate.
See planting calendar →

Growing notes

Watermelons are warm-season crops that require consistent and abundant moisture but will not tolerate wet conditions. They are more cold-sensitive than cantaloupe and require truly warm soil to thrive.

Harvest signs

underside or 'belly' of the melon turns from a greenish white to buttery yellow or cream, fruit tends to lose its slick appearance on top and becomes dull when ripe, browning of the pig's tail (light green, curly tendril attached to the vine near the melon)

Planting referenceDepth, spacing, pH, light
Depth
1 inch deep
Spacing
2 to 3 feet apart · Rows: 6 to 8 feet apart
pH range
5.5–7
Light
Full sun (6+ hr direct)
Pests & diseasesstriped cucumber beetles, spotted cucumber beetles, squash vine borers, squash bugs, +8 more
Common pests · 6
Striped cucumber beetles: damage plants by eating leaves as well as flowers, stems, and fruit
Spotted cucumber beetles: feed on all above-ground parts of the plant
Squash vine borers: burrow into the crown and vines of melon plants, causing the entire plant to wilt
Squash bugs: can often be found in large groups, and their feeding gives leaves a ragged appearance
Spider mites: feed on leaves, giving them a bleached or bronzed appearance (During periods of hot, dry weather)
Aphids: leaf curling, discoloration, and sticky leaves
Common diseases · 6
Bacterial wilt: plants suddenly wilt
Powdery mildew: powdery white spots to form on leaves and vines
Cucurbit virus: new growth on the plant is off-color, twisted, or distorted
Anthracnose: large, tan spots on leaves
Angular leaf spot: small, blocky spots on leaves, which are surrounded by a yellow halo
Gummy stem blight and black rot: leaves to brown at the edges and black, rotten areas on melon fruit

Companions & antagonists

Plant near:BeansCorn
Tip: Needs full sun and long warm season - protect from frost.

Common questions

How much water does watermelon need?

Watermelon has middle-of-the-road water needs. Aim to keep soil moisture around 40–65%, letting the top inch dry slightly between waterings rather than staying soggy.

Can I grow watermelon in a raised bed or container?

Watermelon vines and sprawls, so it needs a trellis or plenty of ground room. Only compact varieties really suit containers.

Does watermelon come back every year?

No — watermelon is an annual. It completes its life in one season, so you replant it each year.