Growing notes
Fennel will tolerate light frost and once established common fennel is drought tolerant. Florence fennel does better in richer soils with more moisture and should be kept evenly moist as dry conditions will promote blooming which ruins the bulb.
Harvest signs
The bulb should be harvested once it is about the size of a tennis ball, before bolting. Pick seeds when ripe. The best stems for eating are the tender flower stalks just before they blossom.
▶Planting reference— Depth, spacing, light
▶Pests & diseases— anise swallowtail caterpillars, black swallowtail caterpillars, root rot
Companions & antagonists
Common questions
How much water does fennel need?
Fennel has middle-of-the-road water needs. Aim to keep soil moisture around 25–45%, letting the top inch dry slightly between waterings rather than staying soggy.
Can I grow fennel in a raised bed or container?
Yes — fennel does well in raised beds and is happy in a decent-sized container too, as long as drainage is good.
Does fennel come back every year?
No — fennel is an annual. It completes its life in one season, so you replant it each year.